New study explores human-nature interactions in the Afrotropics
January 24, 2024
The extinction of human experience with nature directly correlates to the urban invasion of green spaces and the extinction of natural species. As part of his PhD research, Head of IITAForest Center, Adewale Awoyemi along with some researchers from the University of Granada, explored the interactions of humans with nature in the Afrotropics.
Overview of the urban city of Ibadan, Nigeria.
People have acclimatized to watching television, playing video games, and surfing the internet for leisure rather than hiking, camping, birdwatching, insect catching, and fishing for recreation. The study investigated the extinction of experience resulting from the loss of opportunities to experience nature which poses as a challenge to people’s physical and mental health. People’s alienation from nature also contributes to public health issues and environmental degradation.
The authors explored the gap in research data, covering the angle of human and nature connectedness, especially in the Global South. They analyzed data from 600 respondents in four southern Nigeria cities—Auchi, Calabar, Ibadan, and Lagos. Their main goal was to evaluate the level of disconnection between urban population and nature. Respondents, ranging from 14 to 72 years old, reported their frequency of contact with urban greenspaces, parks, and identified nature markers, such as flowers, birds, trees, beaches, mountains, and more. The authors also assessed the potential factors responsible for losing contact with nature, including income and time investment.
Awoyemi and his three Spanish collaborators combined ecology, sociology, economics, and remote sensing for their research in the newly published transdisciplinary paper. Their results showed a high level of extinction of nature experience in Nigeria. Striking results from this study, the first of its kind in Africa, showed a higher extinction of experience than previous studies from the Global North. The lack of time, money, and few nearby natural areas were respondents’ main reasons for infrequent interactions with nature. The authors also found that neighborhood safety is a promoter of nature connectedness.
Bar chart showing respondent’s reasons for not visiting nature.
The study also revealed contrasting observations between cities, with respondents living in Lagos having less contact with nature than Ibadan respondents. Understandably, Lagos, being an economic hub, has had more natural spaces eroded to accommodate urbanization. This study is imperative as many cities in the Global South, particularly Africa, are experiencing rapid biodiversity loss due to urbanization in matching competition with the Global North. Thus, the study contributes important data to human-nature interactions from the Global South perspective.
The study also showed the importance of birds in this context. Citizens living in areas with more bird species were more connected with nature. Birds are important indicators of environmental safety and an important animal group that promotes social relations and interconnectedness between people and nature. “Promoting birds in cities will not only provide substantial benefits to the environment but also the citizens,” says Awoyemi.
The authors recommend tailored interventions to favor direct and intentional contact with nature to address location and class-specific factors contributing to the extinction of nature experience in Nigeria. “Education is key to preventing this important problem associated with urbanization as we found that more educated people have a higher contact with nature,” says Prof. Ibáñez-Álamo from the University of Granada (Spain) and co-author of the study. They also proposed environmental education through nature organizations such as the Ibadan Bird Club and the A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute to improve the value of human-nature experience and bridge the gap in knowledge of biodiversity and its attendant consequences in Nigeria and potentially other African regions.
Contributed by Folake Oduntan
IITA is an award-winning, research-for-development (R4D) organization providing solutions to hunger, poverty, and the degradation of natural resources in Africa. Since 1967, IITA has worked with international and national partners to improve livelihoods, enhance food and nutrition security, increase employment, and preserve natural resource integrity.
IITA has delivered more than 70% of the CGIAR’s impact in sub-Saharan Africa and remains committed to the science-driven improvement of agriculture and related food value chains. As one of 15 research centers in the CGIAR, a global partnership for a food-secure future, IITA is engaged in several CGIAR Research Programs
(CRPs).
About IITA Forest Center
IITA Forest Center manages and utilizes forest resources for conservation, research, and education. The 350 hectares of Forest Reserve within the IITA-Ibadan’s 1000-hectare land support biodiversity and diverse habitats. IITA Forest Center’s ornithological monitoring project is sponsored by A.G. Leventis Foundation, which co-sponsored this research with the APLORI Foundation, Society for Conservation Biology African Section, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and Spanish Ministry of Universities.
About University of Granada, Spain
The University of Granada is one of the best universities in Spain and an integral part of the cities of Granada, Ceuta, and Melilla. The university is driven by a strong commitment to innovation and equality, and strives continuously to progress in teaching, learning, research, and knowledge transfer.
Olamide Deborah Nwanze is a Senior Research Associate specializing in gender mainstreaming research to inform participatory and inclusive breeding, variety development, and seed systems policies regarding root, tuber, and banana (RTB) crops in the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Headquarters, Ibadan, Nigeria. She is a PhD candidate at the University of Ibadan and holds an MSc and B. Agric in Agricultural Extension and Rural Development. Olamide is a fellow of the African Women in Agricultural Research and Development – Gender Responsive Agricultural Systems Policy (AWARD-GRASP) and the Gender Responsive Researchers Equipped for Agricultural Transformation (GREAT). She seeks to apply her gender-mainstreaming learnings, gender-responsive research, and policy development, and review expertise to facilitate women, youth, children, and vulnerable social group’s access to and adoption of agricultural Innovations that guarantee food, nutrition, income, and livelihood security in Africa. Her current roles include mentoring research fellows, development of guides and training manuals, implementation and adaptation of gender frameworks and tools, value chain actors’ engagement as citizen science partners, policy review and redesign, data management, and analysis. Her current research explores mixed methods and participatory and interdisciplinary approaches to capture and highlight gender dynamics, needs, preferences, and challenges stakeholders face within the agricultural livelihood value chain to prioritize gender-inclusive strategies in breeding programs, policy design, and implementation.
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